Презентация на тему «Классификация германских языковых групп и их письменных памятников»

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Классификация германских языковых групп и их письменных памятников

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Germanic Languages

Germanic languages are usually divided into three groups: East Germanic, North Germanic, and West Germanic.

The East Germanic group includes Gothic, Vandalic, and Burgundian.

The North Germanic group includes Old Norse.

The West Germanic group includes Old English, Old Saxon, Old High German, Old Low Franconian, and other languages.

Today, English, German, Dutch, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Icelandic, and Faroese belong to the Germanic language family.

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The Earliest Written Records

The earliest written records of Germanic languages are different in each group.

The Gothic language is the main known language of the East Germanic group. It was written down from the 4th century, especially in the Bible translation by Wulfila.

The first records of West Germanic languages appeared in Old English in the 7th century and in Old High German in the 8th century.

Old Saxon records appeared in the 9th century.

The North Germanic written tradition developed later. Important texts in Old Norse and Old Icelandic have survived mainly from the Middle Ages.

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**The East Germanic Tribes**

The East Germanic tribes usually included the Goths, Vandals, and Burgundians.

The Goths left the most important language records. Their language is the main source for studying the East Germanic group.

The Vandals and Burgundians are mainly known from historical information and a few language traces.

Almost none of their written records have survived.

Therefore, the East Germanic group is now completely extinct.

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The North Germanic Tribes

The North Germanic tribes lived in Scandinavia and gave rise to the languages of the northern group.

They included the ancestors of the Danes, Swedes, Norwegians, Icelanders, and Faroese people.

In the past, their languages were very similar. Before the Middle Ages, they are often considered one common language called Old Norse.

Later, different North Germanic languages and writing traditions developed from it.

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Conclusion

Germanic languages are traditionally divided into three groups: East Germanic, North Germanic, and West Germanic.

The East Germanic group disappeared long ago, while the North and West Germanic groups gave rise to modern European languages.

The earliest written records mainly belong to Gothic, Old English, and Old High German.

The classification of Germanic tribes helps us understand how the movement of peoples influenced the development of languages and writing traditions.

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