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Education in Russia
Martynova Viktoria (21f)
Презентация на тему «Образование в России»
6 слайдов · сгенерирована в Презентоше — бесплатном генераторе презентаций
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Legal framework
The Russian education system is regulated by the law "On Education" (2012), which defines it as a process of education and training. The Constitution (Article 43) guarantees the right to education, and the state ensures its accessibility and free of charge at basic levels (preschool, general, secondary vocational, first higher education by competition). Equal access to education is guaranteed to all citizens.
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System structure
The Russian education system is multi-level and provides continuous learning. It includes general (preschool, primary, basic, secondary - 11 years, USE), professional (secondary - colleges /technical schools; higher - bachelor's degree, specialty, master's degree, postgraduate) and additional education (clubs, sections, courses).
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General school education
School education in Russia: primary (grades 1-4, years 7-10) forms basic skills. The main course (grades 5-9, up to 15 years old) ends with certification. After 9th grade - grades 10-11 (general secondary) or college (vocational secondary). 11th grade and the Unified State Exam are the way to universities.
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Professional and higher education
Secondary vocational education (colleges, technical schools) is available after grades 9/11, lasts 3-4 years, combining general education and vocational training. Higher education in Russia has stages: bachelor's degree (from 4 years), specialty (5 years), master's degree (2 years after bachelor's degree/specialty), postgraduate studies (training of highly qualified personnel).
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Conclusion
The Russian education system, from preschool to university, ensures gradual growth. Free basic levels and competitive access to the first higher education are formally equal, but the quality of education varies. Recent decades have brought the Unified State Exam, bachelor's/master's degree programs, and distance learning. Demographic and technological changes pose challenges: updating programs, supporting educators, and narrowing the gap between cities and small territories.
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