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Ревматический эндокардит
Presentation
Презентация на тему «Ревматический эндокардит»
10 слайдов · сгенерирована в Презентоше — бесплатном генераторе презентаций
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What is it?
Rheumatic endocarditis is an inflammation of the lining of the heart that occurs as part of rheumatic fever following a throat infection caused by group A streptococcus. The heart valves, particularly the mitral and aortic valves, are most often affected. The inflammation can lead to the formation of characteristic rheumatic vegetations on the valves.
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Causes of the disease
The main cause is untreated or inadequately treated streptococcal sore throat, which develops into rheumatic fever 2-4 weeks later. The immune system begins to attack the body's own tissues, including the heart. This results in valve inflammation, which can lead to permanent damage.
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How the heart is affected
In rheumatic carditis, inflammation affects three layers of the heart: the endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Endocarditis most often manifests on the valve surfaces, where small, wart-like thickenings form. The mitral and aortic valves are considered the most vulnerable.
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Main symptoms
The disease can manifest itself with heart murmurs, shortness of breath, weakness, and signs of heart failure. Some patients experience chest pain, rapid heartbeat, and swelling. In acute cases, other signs of rheumatic fever, such as joint pain and fever, are often present.
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How is the diagnosis made?
The diagnosis is based on a history of a recent streptococcal infection, a physical examination, and cardiac imaging. Blood tests, which reveal inflammation, as well as electrocardiography and echocardiography, play an important role. These methods help detect valve dysfunction and signs of heart damage.
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What's the danger?
If inflammation recurs, the valves can become scarred and deformed, leading to chronic rheumatic heart disease. This condition increases the risk of heart failure, arrhythmia, and infective endocarditis. Valve damage often becomes permanent and may require surgery.
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Acute Treatment
During the acute phase, treatment involves rest, anti-inflammatory medications, and antibiotic treatment for streptococcal infection. Penicillin is often used, and in cases of severe inflammation, hormonal agents are used. The goal of therapy is to reduce inflammation and prevent further damage to the valves.
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Relapse Prevention
After rheumatic fever, long-term prevention of recurrent streptococcal infections is important. For this purpose, benzathine benzylpenicillin is administered intramuscularly every 3-4 weeks for many years. This approach reduces the risk of further attacks and protects the heart from further damage.
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Conclusion
Rheumatic endocarditis develops after a streptococcal infection and most often affects the heart valves. The disease is dangerous because it can lead to irreversible scarring, heart failure, and arrhythmia. Early diagnosis, antibiotics, and relapse prevention are essential.
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